How to distinguish the Insulting of Christ from the Mocking of Christ in religious art

In religious art there are subjects that depict the physical torments of Christ. Among them are the trial of Christ before Annas, where an attendant struck him, the spitting upon the Son of God, the scourging, the mocking and the crowning with thorns. These storylines appear in depictions of the Insulting of Christ and the Mocking of Christ, which should not be confused, despite the similarity of the staging. The Mocking refers to the episode when a crown of prickly thorn was placed on the head of Jesus. It is, of course, the more popular subject. But at times medieval and Renaissance artists mixed elements from different periods of the Passion narrative, and the result was an insulting that bordered on mocking. How is one to tell what exactly is before you? If you see a group of bearded men in long robes, these are the Jews, and they are doing the insulting, as, for example, in Duccio's altarpiece painting for Siena Cathedral. If Roman soldiers are depicted around Jesus, you are looking, without doubt, at a scene of mocking. The Mocking was painted by Bosch, Caravaggio and Terbrugghen. In scenes of mocking the man responsible is often present: Pontius Pilate. In scenes of insulting it is Caiaphas, the high priest of Judea. The accusers of Christ usually sit enthroned on a high seat. Some paintings in this group of subjects show Christ himself seated on a throne, as in Fra Angelico, where Jesus, blindfolded, suffers at the hands of unseen tormentors.