Mesolithic hunter-gatherer camp found in Tina Jama cave near Trieste

An unfinished antler axe, probably of the Mesolithic, which may have been used for straightening arrows.

Archaeologists have explored the Tina Jama cave on the limestone Karst plateau above the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea, not far from Trieste, and have uncovered a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer camp directly beneath the layers left by the first Neolithic farmers. By the researchers' estimate, farmers arrived in this region some 7,500 years ago.

The hunter-gatherers set their hearth in the most sheltered part of the cave and closed the entrance with stones and blocks of rock. The finds include stone tools and flakes, as well as bone points, ornaments made from the shells of marine and freshwater molluscs, pendants of deer teeth, ochre and adhesive substances. Among them are an unfinished antler axe and a fragment of antler about 10 centimetres long with two drilled holes; the researchers suggest that this tool was used to straighten arrow shafts.

The scientists will carry out radiocarbon analysis to establish the age of the layers, and hope with its help to learn how hunting and gathering gave way to farming here

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